A Comprehensive Inclusion Approach On Social And Emotional...

This is a comprehensive inclusion approach to Social and Emotional Learning. The SEL is called The Ruler Approach, because it was designed to be integrated into school curriculum to help students achieve academic goals in subjects. The Ruler uses a skill-based learning strategies that promotes social, emotional, and academic competence. The program students to recognize their emotions in themselves and in others. Students will learn how to understand the causes and consequences of a range of emotions, and label emotions using vocabulary. Most Public School Districts are committed to making sure that students develop content mastery and apply literacy skills in order to be ready for college and career. Students should learn SEL skills so they will not become distracted during instruction, by integrating academic lessons and activities with participation in classroom instruction. The purpose of teaching and providing opportunities are to help students develop the Ruler skills. The Ruler is an essential part of behavior to build relationships for academic success. In fact, research shows that emotions are pervasive in the way children think and play. Teachers have observed in classroom activities that students are overwhelmed with emotions, like frustration, loneliness, enjoyment, and interest. The cognitive process, and behavioral changes that support emotional experiences are adaptive, when the information they provide is attended for interpretations. Rationale ThisShow MoreRelatedIndonesia Educational Landscape : Education931 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment. In her book, Liasidou (2015) argued that inclusive classroom practice considered as an essential element for educational improvement and inclusive education development. In that particular classroom, learning can be facilitated through an assessment that emphasized on the process of learning and the way in which that process can be optimized to deal with real world context. In Indonesia, Assessment is regulated under PP No. 19 Tahun 2005, and Permendiknas No. 23 Tahun 2016, the title are StandarRead MoreDeveloping A Safe And Healthy Environment1471 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome a global leader in achieving academic abilities in all four domains such as social-emotional, physical, language and cognitive development in each child (Early Learning for, 2007, p. 3). In November 2004, the Ontario administration created a great plan called the â€Å"Early Learning for Every Child Today† (ELECT). By launching this plan, Ontario fulfilled its dream. In addition, the ELECT document contains comprehensive and rich sources of information that enhances, rather than modifies, planned curriculumRead MoreWhat Makes A Student Better For The Business Of Life?1411 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough educational establishments (Matheson, 2008). At a national level, the comprehensive schooling is spread throughout the nation started against the elitist tripartite system tha t was a clear reflect of class commodities. The idea began as means of inclusion and empower equality of opportunity by admitting pupils differences and therefore stating special needs.(Matheson, 2008) It is a romantic or psychological approach that has played a vital role in the development of policies for Special EducationalRead MoreMy Reading On Reading Disabilities, And The Impact That They Have On Students Education1741 Words   |  7 Pagesexplored was dyslexia in families. They found that â€Å"Developmental dyslexia runs in families and the risk for dyslexia increases to about 40%† Eklund (2013). Throughout the study the researchers found some interesting facts about students’ that develop learning disabilities. Eklund (2013) states, â€Å"Students with good reading skills have more shared reading with their parent.† The conclusion of this study was â€Å" lack of task avoidance seems to act as a protective factor, importance of keeping children inter estedRead MoreMy Current Post As A Clinical Practice Lead867 Words   |  4 Pagesconflict, distress and other difficulties that may arise when working with more challenging patients. I am confident in my own emotional intelligence, and working in a therapeutic community has meant that I have grown in confidence using appropriate emotion regulation strategies; such as negotiating skills and motivational interviewing. I look forward to utilising and learning more about other treatment interventions such as DBT, as I feel these modalities only serve me better as a clinician to helpRead MoreEssay on National Education Standards1286 Words   |  6 Pagesnew factor that has surfaced is school choice (charter schools and home schooling) and character development. Progressive teachers are able to guide learners to new experiences in every lesson. However; they are sensitive to unique and different learning styles which enable the learner to construct knowledge. Educational standards and requirements are dictated from the government and then passed down through the state, school district, and school boards. Many believe that this unfair to citizensRead MoreProviding Professional And Vocational Education1709 Words   |  7 Pagesdisabilities of various nosologies. These local centers are coordinated from a single center. Since not all universities can create a comprehensive system of inclusion because of limited funding, such a network is supposed to solve accessibility problems in the higher education system. The researchers note that the significance of a given barrier preventing inclusion depends not only on objective reasons (for example, such as the inability to move around the city in a wheelchair) but also from theRead MoreAssessment Of The Kindergarten Classroom : An Empirical Study Of Teachers Assessment Approaches1593 Words   |  7 Pageskindergarten teachers face the challenge of balancing traditional developmental programming with the academically oriented curriculum that is currently required. The essence of this challenge is to use assessments to measure and communicate student learning in relation to their curricular stance. The first article that I examined to investigate the issue was â€Å"Assessment in the Kindergarten Classroom: An Empirical Study of Teachers’ Assessment Approaches† by Angela Pyle and Christopher DeLuca. The articleRead MoreThe Ancient Perspective Of Leadership1633 Words   |  7 Pagesto make comprehensive pronouncements and inspire others to accomplish more. Leaders have the ability to take instantaneous and influential actions, establish and attain perplexing goals, take premeditated risks and outpace competition. There are definite personalities, abilities and proficiencies of a leader that once pooled and applied, enriches him or her to become an effective leader. These include but not limited to resilient communication skills, self-confidence, optimistic approach, empathyRead MoreThe Inclusive Practice During Childhood Education Context And Important For The Special Educational Needs Of The Gifted Children2001 Words   |  9 Pageseducational needs of the gif ted children. This will also cover the policies/legislation, current research, national and international perspectives of inclusive practice in early childhood education. The complexities and practicalities of inclusion in terms of learning opportunities and experiences, environmental considerations and peer relationships would be critically examined. The role of the teacher and the teaching strategies, practices and theoretical prospective and the positive involvement of

Advantage and Disadvantage of Telecommunication Free Essays

Communicating with patients The New Medicine Service (and MURs) provides a formal opportunity for pharmacists to communicate with patients on a one-to-one basis about their medicines and underlying medical condition(s). The NMS permits the interventions to be done either as a face-to-face appointment or via telephone. Careful consideration must be given as to which of these communication methods is adopted by the pharmacy as each method brings its own advantages and disadvantages. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantage and Disadvantage of Telecommunication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although face-to-face communication would be the preferred method of conducting an intervention, it is likely that elephone interventions will be used by most pharmacies at some stage. This brief guide will help you and your staff communicate more effectively when using the telephone as part of the NMS. The words we use make up less than 10% of the way we communicate in a face-toface situation, with the way we say these words (paralinguistics) and body language making up the remaining percentage. When you are dealing with someone over the telephone you cannot see them, which deprives you of most of the information you would normally have about the other person (body language, eye contact etc). Related article: Disadvantages of Aquatic Plants You can base your judgements only on the words you can hear and the way they are being said, which can sometimes present challenges. Advantages and disadvantages Some of the advantages and disadvantages of telephone communication are: Telephone communication Advantages of communicating by telephone: †¢ ofteneasiertoreachsomeonebyphone than by trying to arrange to see them in person; more convenient for patients †¢ morelikelytosucceedincontacting someone – especially if a time / date has been agreed (few people are able to ignore the telephone and leave it ringing) telephoneconversationsare,onaverage, shorter than face-to-face conversations as it’s easier to control the conversation and take the initiative. Disadvantages of communicating by telephone: †¢ it’smoredifficulttoestablisharapporton the telephone, as you don’t have all the visual signals that help you to get on the â€Å"same wavelength† as the other person †¢ whenphonin gsomeoneit’spossibleto intrude at an inconvenient time and not realise it †¢ it’seasytoassumethatyouhavetheother person’s undivided attention †¢ youaremorelikelytogetdistractedand let your attention wander itismoredifficulttoavoid misunderstandings – you cannot use visual behaviour to get feedback on whether your message has been understood or if there are things left unsaid †¢ somethingsareimpossibletocheckover the telephone such as inhaler techniques †¢ youaremorelikelytobelieveyoucando other things at the same time as using the telephone – DON’T! Voice matching Thefirstthreesecondsofaphonecall are important, as this is when the other person makes a judgement about the caller. When making an outgoing call listen to the pitch, speed, volume and tone of the other erson’svoicewhentheyfirstspeakandtry to â€Å"match† it. Matching is a good way of building rapport, which can otherwise be difficultoverthetelepho ne,andmakesthe other person feel more comfortable. Tips for effective telephone interventions Opening the conversation NMS intervention Introduce yourself clearly and ask to speak to the patient using their preferred title / name. Check it’s still convenient to speak to the patient. If the patient is concerned about disclosing sensitive personal information over the telephone and cannot besatisfiedthatthecallerisringingfrom he pharmacy he / she may contact the pharmacy directly instead. Explain in a clear, simple manner the purpose of the call – check the patient understands the nature of the NMS and the reasons for the discussion. Youshouldalsoconfirmconsentatthis stage. Inform the patient you will be asking a series of questions about their new medicines and that you will be making notes as you go along. Listen to the patient’s responses as you work though the questions – resist the temptation to interrupt. Demonstrate you are listening by making noises such as â€Å"um†, â€Å"yes†, and â€Å"really†. Use assertive behaviour to stay in control of the call – use open / closed questions as appropriate (open questions invite detailed answers whereas closed questions invite single word answers). Body language Body language, even though it can’t be seen, can affect our voice when on the telephone. Therefore, think about your posture whilst on the phone. If you are comfortable and relaxed your voice is likely to reflect this. Remember to smile – even though it can’t be seen it will be â€Å"heard† and you will sound friendly and assertive. If you are standing up whilst n the telephone this can also make you sound more assertive, and it is another way of ending a telephone call if you stand up during a conversation. Using a closed question for example is often helpful in stopping an enthusiastic patient digressing from appropriate lines of questioning. Do not rush through the call. Talk at the patient’s pace and pause after providing advice or of fering solutions to a problem to allow the patient to air their views about this. Finally agree the time / date for any followup intervention. Remember to give the call your undivided attention! How to cite Advantage and Disadvantage of Telecommunication, Essay examples

Legal and Professional issues in Nursing in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Legal and Professional issues in Nursing in Australia. Answer: Common law There are two sources of law that are applicable in Australia- Common Law and Statute Law. Common law is also known as Judge made laws or precedents. The development of common law can be traced back to hundred years during which the values and the practice of the courts and the legal framework have identified certain principles to be fundamental in order to maintain equality before the court of law. The doctrine of precedent states that the judges are bound to follow the previous judgements while deciding any similar cases (MacCormick, Summers Goodhart, 2016). However, if the facts of the previous case are not similar to the facts of the present case, then the judges may compare the circumstances of both the cases and then either develop a new principle or apply a common principle for deciding the present case. Precedents may be set by superior courts only and all the subordinate courts are bound by the judge-made laws. Therefore, the all the rules and the principles recognised in the court procedures and the judgements passed by the courts may collectively termed as common law. Statute law Statute law or statutory laws are laws that are passed by the Parliament. In Australia, both the Federal Parliament and the State Parliament have the power to legislate legislations within their jurisdiction. The statutory laws passed by the Federal Parliament are applicable to the entire nation (Zander, 2015). Federal laws include legislations related to immigration, defence, national healthy (Medicare), etc. generally, the judges cannot overrule an act or law as they are competent to do in case of the judge made laws. The legislation process in the Federal Parliament includes the following three stages. Firstly, an issue is brought before the Parliament and they draft a Bill on that issue which is considered as either a proposal to create a new law or amend the prevailing law. Secondly, the member who wishes to propose the new law introduces the Bill to the House and explains the purpose and objective of the proposed Bill and after a detailed discussion about the Bill regarding its advantages and disadvantages, if the members of the House agree to the proposition of the new Bill, they cast their vote in favour of the Bill and the Bill proceeds to the third reading. Finally, the House is asked to vote in favour of the Bill and once the Bill is passed by the House where it was introduced, it is sent to the Senate for further consideration. Some of the Parliamentary Acts include Aged Care Act, Disability Discrimination Act, Freedom of Information Act, Privacy Act, Health Insurance Act, etc. Incident Report In Australia, all the licensed private health care facilities are under legal obligation to maintain a written incident management system which sets out the procedures to be followed in case of an adverse event or incident. In case of an adverse event, it must be informed to the Regulation and the Compliance Unit. An adverse incident refers to an inadvertent injury caused to a patient or any medical complication caused by the healthcare management of the patient resulting in death or disability of the patient (Daly, Speedy Jackson, 2014). The health care providers must inform about all incidents that have been recognised by using the Incident Information Management System (IIMS); they are required to participate in the investigation of incidents as per requirement. They are also required to take active part in the implementation of the recommendations that arises from the investigation of incidents. Not for Resuscitation Form (NFR) It is a medical order to hold back cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures and techniques. This form of medical order notifies the health care team that in case a patient suffers from cardiac arrest cardiopulmonary resuscitation shall not be conducted. The patient shall be provided with comfort measures during their dying process. This medical order is issued only after communicating and informing the patient or family or agent or guardianship, senior medical and nursing staff. Doctors play a significant role in assessing the validity of such order and the capacity of the patients to take such decisions or if the patients are unable to take any decisions who is authorised to make such decisions on behalf of such patients. The medical profession must possess a clear understanding of this area of law (Chang Daly, 2015). Health Services Commissioner The Health Service Commissioner is under statutory obligation to take into consideration of the complaints relating to health services provisions and provisions of services for aged people and complaints relating to violation of the Health Records (Privacy and Access) Act 1997. The Commissioner plays a significant role in promoting improvements in the health service provisions and in the health services provided to the aged people. The Commissioner must spread awareness regarding the right and responsibilities of the healthcare providers and the users of the health services including the health care services for the aged people. Valid Prescription The healthcare providers must provide valid prescriptions to the patients after checking them properly. Before the health care professionals issue prescription it is mandatory that the patients are properly examined and the prescription shall be made as per the medical requirement of the patient. A valid prescription must include the name, address, phone number and signature of the prescriber, the date on which it was prescribed; the name and address of the patient; the date of birth of the patient and the name and quantity of the drugs to be provided to the patient. Trespass When a person is treated without obtaining his or her consent, the person has the right to claim compensation under the civil law due to the infringement of his or her right to bodily integrity or restraining him unlawfully without providing any legal justification. The person has the right to institute criminal law prosecution against such trespass. There are three types of torts of trespass to a person, namely, tort of assault, tort of battery and false imprisonment. Assault refers to the instances where the plaintiff is under the apprehension of immediate harm that may be inflicted upon him or her (Schneider Whitehead, 2013). Battery deals with actual harm that is inflicted upon the person that, is, an unlawful physical contact with the plaintiff. False imprisonment refers to an unlawful restraint of a person, that is, deprivation of the freedom of the patient. The Court shall consider the facts and circumstances of the plaintiff and award the person with compensation for the damage suffered and the injuries sustained by such person due to the commission of battery, assault and false imprisonment. The court may also award aggravated damages, exemplary damages and other nominal damages to the injured person. Bioethics Bioethics may be defined as a study and investigation of ways in which science and medicine have touched lives and health and lives of the community and the significance it has upon the environment (Johnstone, 2015). Bioethics is concerned with question related to basic human values such as right to health, life. It also determines what is right or wrong with the developments in healthcare institutions, new technology, healthcare professionals and the responsibility of the society towards health and life of the members. Bioethics is a branch of applied ethics as it requires the expertise of people engaged in various disciplines such as theology, philosophy, life science, medicine, social science and nursing, etc. It deals with ethical questions related to hospitals, families, governments, etc. the ethical principles of bioethics deals with fundamental values that acts as guidelines for respecting the dignity of the individuals, maintaining bodily integrity of individuals and making r easonable decisions for the well-being of the society and environment. Autonomy The bioethics often refers to the four fundamental principles of health care ethics while evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the medical procedures. The health care providers are required to practice medicine by following and respecting the four essential principles of ethics- autonomy, justice, beneficence and non- maleficense (MacFie McNaught, 2015). The principle of autonomy requires the health care professionals to respect the rights of the rights of the patients to think and take decisions for themselves for undergoing any medical treatment procedures. The patients must be allowed to take decisions regarding the treatment procedures without any coercion. The health care providers must provide accurate information to the patients regarding the treatment procedures and if the health care providers think it necessary to undergo any treatment the patient must be fully informed about the treatment and consent of the patient must be obtained before undergoing such treatment (Small et al., 2016). Non-Maleficence The principle of Non maleficense requires that healthcare providers to ensure that the treatment procedure does not cause any harm to the patient or to the society. The health care professionals must ensure the safety and welfare of the patients and that any treatment procedure undertaken by the patient causes no harm to the patient. Beneficence This principle requires the health care professionals to ensure that any treatment procedure that is undertaken by the patient is done for the welfare and benefit of the patient. The treatment procedure must no cause any damage or harm to the patient. The patient must be fully informed about the treatment procedure undertaken by him or her and the healthcare providers must obtain the consent of the patient before commencing with the medical procedure. Disclosure of confidential information The nurses and the other healthcare professionals treat the personal information of the patients as confidential and private information. The nurses are under ethical obligation to safeguard the privacy of the patients and exercise reasonable care towards the patients. The health care providers restrict the use of the private and confidential information between the patient and the nurses (Paquette Ross, 2014). However, the nurses are entitled to disclose the information if the nurse is of the opinion that it is necessary to disclose such information for the benefit of the patient then the nurse may make such disclosure after informing the patient about the necessity of such disclosure. Nurses may make disclosure if they consider that if such disclosure is not made it may cause harm to the patient or any other individual. Reportable Death or Reviewable Death The determination of the fact whether a death is a reportable death or reviewable death, can be made from the Coroners Act 2008. A death is reportable death if it had occurred accidently or violently or unexpectedly and the person died directly or indirectly from such unexpected accident or injury. When a person dies, the death of the patient must be reported to the Coroner. In case a health care professional believes that the death is reviewable or reportable, he or she must immediately inform the same to the coroner in case such death has not been reported to the Coroner. The nurse must follow the instructions given by the Coroner and verify the death before transferring or admitting the same before the court. Coroner A coroner is a person who confirms and certifies the death of a person within a competent jurisdiction. A coroner may either conduct or order the health care providers to conduct and investigate the reason or cause of the death of a person. He may order the health care providers to investigate and find out the identity of the person who died within the jurisdiction of the coroner (Studdert et al., 2016). Voluntary or involuntary mental health admission A voluntary mental patient is a patient if such patient has been admitted to the hospital voluntarily to receive treatment for the mental illness. An involuntary patient is a patient who is admitted to a hospital for treatment without obtaining informed consent from such patient. The treatments for voluntary patients include communication therapy, medications, etc. The treatment for involuntary patients includes an inpatient treatment order and a community treatment order. Medication Administration The Common law requires the enrolled and registered nurses and other healthcare professionals to promote competent and safe care medicinal practice ensuring the safety of the patients (Birks et al., 2016). In order to conduct a competent and safe practice the qualified and registered medical practitioners must administer medicines to those who are incapable to administer medicines on their own or are incapable to take the responsibility of taking the medicines properly and timely. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, the registered nurses shall supervise the enrolled nurses on administering the medicines to the mentioned people. Doctrine of Necessity/ Emergency The doctrine of necessity has developed from the judge made laws. It states that when a person is in a dilemma to obey the laws and permit some harm to occur, the person is allowed to do so and they shall be excused from doing so as well. In the field of medicine, a patient must give consent to any treatment that is proposed by the doctor. The exception to this rule is that if a person is in imminent danger and such a situation requires the health care providers to undergo a treatment to save the life of the patient, the medical practitioners are allowed to do so without the consent of the patient (Gray, Rowe Barnes, 2016). The emergency doctrine states that if the patient is capable of giving consent to the treatment he may do so or else under such emergency situation treatment may be undertaken by the healthcare providers without obtaining the consent of the patient. Criminal law Criminal law deals with offences committed against the property or the body of a person. The Majority of the criminal law in Victoria is governed by the Crimes Act 1958 however, certain criminal conduct are dealt with by the Common law. Criminal offences include summary offenses and Indictable offenses. Indictable offenses are serious offenses and summary offenses are minor offenses (Scanlon et al., 2015). For Nurses, commission of indictable offences may affect the professional registration of the nurses and if a nurse has been charged under an indictable offence, the same must be informed to APHRA. Abortion Abortion is subject to criminal law in every Australian states and territories except in the capital territory. Abortion is considered as a crime in Queensland and NSW but is considered to be legal if the doctor believes that the physical and mental health of the mother is in danger. In other states and territories it is considered legal if the doctors thinks it is necessary to save the mother. Vicarious liability The Health Practitioner Regulation national Law requires that a registered health practitioner cannot practice unless there is professional indemnity insurance for them. The legal principle of vicarious liability has been restored in the Employee liability Act where section 3 provides that an employee shall not be liable for any wrong such as negligence, if their employer is held liable for the wrong as well. The employers shall provide various insurances including the liability insurance in case legal action is instituted against them for faulty practices (Blais, 2015). However, this provision is not applicable in all the states and territories. Refusal of Treatment certificate The requisites to refuse medical treatment depend on the capability of the patients to make their decisions and to consent to the medical treatment procedures. The agent or guardian of the patient may refuse the medical treatment by executing a refusal of treatment certificate on behalf of the patient. Medical enduring power of attorney It is a legal document where the patient appoints another person known as the medical agent who is authorised with the power to take medical decisions on behalf of the patient (Tilse et al., 2014). The patient must be above the age of 18 years and have the legal capacity to appoint such medical enduring power of attorney and only a medical agent can refuse thetreatment on behalf of the patient. VCAT The Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) is established under the VCAT Act 1998. It deals with matters related to discrimination, administration and guardianship, health and information privacy, etc. It aims at providing cost-effective, efficient, independent resolution for the disputes arising between the claimants. High Documentation Quality The record of the patients is legal documents which ensure that the needs of the patients are communicated to the healthcare providers. The documentation enables to determine the payment to be made by the patient (Holloway Galvin, 2016). It also acts as safeguard for the healthcare providers as it helps them from getting involved into any legal suits as the documents acts as evidences that the patient has been taken care of. A nurse must maintain high quality and accurate medical record of every individual patient as it would enable to ascertain whether the legal standards have been complied with. Justification of restraint The healthcare providers often have to carry out actions which curtail the freedom of the patients especially the aged patients. This is usually conducted for the welfare of the patient and the patient must be provided with detailed and reasonable justification for such physical restraint. Drug storage Schedule 4 Drugs must be stored in a secure facility such as room, refrigerator, drawer etc to which other persons or any unauthorised persons cannot have access to such secured places (zturk et al., 2014). In the absence of a veterinarian, the secured place must be properly locked and no non-veterinarian shall have access to such secured place or such drugs. Assisted suicide and Euthanasia The Northern Territory of Australia became the first legislature to pass laws legalising voluntary euthanasia (Murphy, 2016). When four patients were suffering from cancer and were dying, the doctors helped them to receive a peaceful death. However, the Rights of the Terminally ill Act 1995 was amended which required the patients to seek approval of the medical practitioners who would help them to die; an independent doctor having knowledge about the terminal illness of the patient. Homicide When the nurses commit the offence of murder by killing two or more patients it is called homicide. Researches and reports have revealed that nurses tend to murder patients who are vulnerable, that is, old, young, disabled, sick etc. the patients usually trusts the nurses and are usually dependent on them. The nurses on the other hand, take advantage of their helplessness and dependence. Disability The nurses and the other health care providers are under ethical obligation to exercise additional care towards the patients who are suffering from disability. These patients require extra care and must be dealt with patience. They are usually completely dependent on the health care providers and therefore, the nurses and the health care providers must respect their dignity and not take advantage of their condition and encourage them to adopt a positive approach in their life. Public Advocate The Guardianship and Administration Act 1990 states that patients who are incapable of making decisions may need additional assistance and support. The State Administrative Tribunal may appoint a person or guardian who would take medical decisions for the patients. The Tribunal can appoint Public advocate as guardian of last resort only when there is no one appropriate for the position and willing to become the guardian of the patient. Procedural and substantive The procedural law lays down the rules according to which a court determines the administrative proceedings of the lawsuits. Substantive laws are laws that regulates the rights and responsibilities in criminal, civil lawsuits and such laws exist through precedents in Common law (Edgar, 2016). Patients access to medical records The medical records must contain medical history of the patients and must be kept as confidential information (Mold et al., 2015). The doctors or healthcare providers own the medical records but the patients may have access to such records which is supported by the Commonwealth Privacy Legislation (Pearce Bainbridge, 2014). Negligence The nurses must ensure that they have exercised their duty of care towards the patients; that they did not commit any breach of their duty of care and that no harm was caused to the patient as a result of their breach of duty of care (Arnold, 2016). If any harm is foreseeable then the nurse must ensure that necessary measures are taken to avoid such harm and safeguard the patient (Foley Christensen, 2016). The nurses are responsible for the welfare of the patients and therefore they must perform their responsibilities therefore, the nurses must take reasonable steps to ensure safety and welfare of the patients. References Arnold, L. (2016). Changes to VCAT application forms.Planning News,42(4), 27. Birks, M., Davis, J., Smithson, J., Cant, R. (2016). 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(2016).Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley Sons. Johnstone, M. J. (2015).Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences. MacCormick, D. N., Summers, R. S., Goodhart, A. L. (Eds.). (2016).Interpreting precedents: a comparative study. Routledge. MacFie, J., McNaught, C. (2015). The ethics of artificial nutrition.Medicine,43(2), 124-126. Mold, F., de Lusignan, S., Sheikh, A., Majeed, A., Wyatt, J. C., Quinn, T., ... Kataria, N. (2015). Patients online access to their electronic health records and linked online services: a systematic review in primary care.Br J Gen Pract,65(632), e141-e151. Murphy, B. J. (2016). Voluntary euthanasia laws in Australia: are we really better off dead?.The Medical journal of Australia,205(6), 254. zturk, H., Bahecik, N., zelik, K. S. (2014). The development of the patient privacy scale in nursing.Nursing ethics,21(7), 812-828. Paquette, E. T., Ross, L. F. (2014). The Moral and Legal Need to Disclose Despite a Certificate of Confidentiality.The American Journal of Bioethics,14(10), 51-53. Pearce, C., Bainbridge, M. (2014). A personally controlled electronic health record for Australia.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,21(4), 707-713. Scanlon, A., Smolowitz, J., Honig, J., Barnes, K. (2015). Building the next generation of advanced practice nurses through clinical education and faculty practice: Three international perspectives.Clinical Scholars Review,8(2), 249-257. Schneider, Z., Whitehead, D. (2013).Nursing and midwifery research: methods and appraisal for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Australia. Small, K., Sidebotham, M., Fenwick, J., Gamble, J. (2016). Midwifery prescribing in Australia.Australian Prescriber,39(6), 215. Studdert, D. M., Walter, S. J., Kemp, C., Sutherland, G. (2016). Duration of death investigations that proceed to inquest in Australia.Injury prevention,22(5), 314-320. Tilse, C., Wilson, J., White, B., Willmott, L., McCawley, A. L. (2014). Enduring Powers of Attorney: Promoting attorneys' accountability as substitute decision makers.Australasian journal on ageing,33(3), 193-197. Zander, M. (2015).The law-making process. Bloomsbury Publishing.